Off the top of my head I can think of several cultures and religions where hair-cutting is symbolic: Amish men, Sikh men, certain Christian groups' women, Buddhist monks and nuns, Catholic nuns...
Off the top of my head, I can't think of any culture in which hair-cutting is *not* symbolic. If nothing else, there are typically hairstyles symbolic of social stratification by gender, age and class.
The Manchu conquerors of China imposed in 1645 their "
Queue Order" essentially making it treason, and a death-penalty offense, for Chinese men to wear their hair in any way other than the shaved-forehead-and-pigtail Manchu style. This was a deliberate act of domination and assault on Chinese cultural identity, which required ten years and the slaughter of tens of thousands to enforce. It was also a direct attack on the central Confucian value of filial piety, under which cutting your hair
at all was regarded as unfilial. As Confucius put it:
"Body, skin, and hair we receive from our parents, and we dare not damage them. This is the beginning of filial duty."* Rebels against Manchu rule frequently symbolically abandoned the hated hairstyle. After the fall on the Qing Dynasty in 1912, Chinese men cut off their queues, and adopted short Western-style haircuts practically overnight.
Haircuts are serious business.
*This idea still underlies a lot of negative Chinese attitudes to tattooing and other body mods, incidentally.