Some of the english spelling peculiarities is because english pronunciation went through a major shift after spelling started to firm up.
It's absolutely true. Two other major factors are:
1) English has a very complex vocabulary history, with not only major influences from languages like French, but also a strong historical linguistic divide between the ruling classes and the common people (this is basically why, for instance, unlike in most European languages, the names for types of meat and for the animals the meat comes from are completely different, e.g. mutton/sheep, cow/beef, pig/pork), which led to a crazy mix of words with inconsistent spelling based largely on the historical spelling of the words in parent languages.
2) Most early printers in England were immigrants (e.g. from the Netherlands), and in the pre-industrial world, without standardized nationwide spelling being a thing, they added their own layer of what they thought "looked/felt better" spelling-wise, contributing to the overall mess.
The fact that the United Kingdom reflects tradition of multiple nations probably influenced the development of standardized spelling too, but I'm unaware to what extent that had an impact.