Okay so basically it seems like you're digging the modern jazz, which is fair enough. Seeing as how you already like Miles Davis I'd suggest you get a recording of Charlie Parker's Dial recordings. Just get the master takes, there's no need to go crazy and get all the alternates and false starts and what have you that are floating around. You'll notice that there are a lot of different editions of these recordings available: they're all the same, but because the original recordings were made over 50 years ago they're out of copyright now, which means a lot of different record companies are reissuing them. Anyway, Charlie Parker's quintet at the time he recorded on Dial included a very young Miles Davis.
Seeing as how you liked the Gerry Mulligan, I'd also suggest you give the Birth of the Cool album a listen: this was a band that included Mulligan and, again, Davis. It's quite different but very beautiful. There was an edition released several years ago called the Complete Birth of the Cool, which includes a bunch of live recordings which, though enjoyable, aren't essential: it's the cuts on the original album that are the good stuff. (There was also an album released by Mulligan late in his life called the Rebirth of the Cool, so don't get confused.) The Gerry Mulligan/Chet Baker quartet was one of the most famous groups in jazz history, so check out the original recordings by them (there's also a "reunion" album available which, while good, isn't a patch on the group's original recordings).
That Clifford Brown/Max Roach tune I posted was composed by Bud Powell, who was the major pianist of the early bop years (just as Charlie Parker was the most significant saxophonist for that style, Dizzy Gillespie the most important trumpeter, etc). There's a series of great compilations called, collectively, the Amazing Bud Powell - volume 1 is the best one to get. The Clifford Brown/Max Roach quintet is also well worth exploring further - active in the 50s, they weren't pure bop but a variant follow-up style called hard bop, which mainly differed by having a more hard-driving sound with some gospel influences creeping in. If you like classic bop you're almost certain to like hard bop. For the Brown/Roach group start with the self-titled album (it has a distinctive orange and blue cover). Blue Note was the label of choice for that style and there are literally hundreds of Blue Note albums from the late 50s and early 60s which can be classified as "hard bop", but some of the classics to check out are the Sidewinder by Lee Morgan, Una Mas by Kenny Dorham, and Page One by Joe Henderson.
Finally, a couple of great albums and personal favourites from this era which should be in any collection: Mingus Ah Um by Charles Mingus, and on a completely different note Waltz for Debby by the Bill Evans trio (you may have come across Evans playing piano on Miles Davis's Kind of Blue).
Beyond all that, you'll find that jazz is a pretty incestuous genre, so I'd recommend finding a musician you like (Davis, as we've seen, is an excellent example), reading about them and finding out who they worked with, and seeing where that leads you. It's how I got into jazz years ago when I really didn't know what I was talking about.