One of the things we tend to forget as nations is that each country's viability is really based on food production. If your country can't feed itself, it's a rotten log waiting to fall, no matter how advanced its tech or what fancy services it offers (Good luck eating a web page).
Yes, because specialisation is
bad. Every nation should only consume what it produces domestically, and trade is a source of weakness. Why stop at nations? Cities
within a nation rely on trade to bring in food, so they're obviously rotten logs too.
Individuals providing "fancy services", like judges, doctors, teachers and engineers for example, rely on others to grow their food. Rotten logs all of them! Send them to the countryside to grow food! Trade and specialisation are bad! Subsistence agriculture is the way to go!
I'm sorry about the sarcasm, and of course Raoul was not advocating that sort of primitivism, but I'm sensitive on this point. Within living memory, in the land where I was born, the idea that trade and specialisation were bad, and a source of national weakness, while regional autarky was good, led to... unfortunate results.
Any form of agriculture much above the level of a bronze-age village ceases to be self-supporting in any event. Even in the bronze-age, long-distance trade was often needed to bring in rare tin to alloy with copper. Later, iron tools relied on the "fancy services" supplied by the smith, and the smith relied on the iron-smelter, who relied on the charcoal-burner. Farmers routinely pat themselves on the back about how self-sustaining they are, and how much city-dwellers depend on them, but the modern high-yield agriculture even relatively self-supporting-for-food countries rely on to feed themselves is heavily dependent on city-based manufacturing and "fancy services" like higher education, engineering, communications, chemistry, biology and meteorology, and a good deal of it comes from overseas. International trade is just another step along the chain from trade between regions within a nation, and, I hope, binds countries together as once it bound villages into counties, and counties into nations.
people can only be expected to learn as much as they need to learn to get the job done
I hope, and believe, that this is not so:
We travel not for trafficking alone.
By hotter winds our fiery hearts are fanned.
For lust of knowing what should not be known,
We make the Golden Journey to Samarkand.